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| © 2011 «Яндекс» | О компании |
!
2000
(,
), .
W3C
,
,
.
W3C W3C. , . W3C , . Web.
,
(Standard Generalized Markup
Language, ISO 8879:1986(E), ) World Wide
Web. W3C XML,
.
.
: .
W3C
: .
XML (
10
1998), ,
( ).
.
, , , :
xml-editor@w3.org;
,
:
a_pyramidin@yahoo.com
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
XML
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
CDATA
2.8
()
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
3
3.1
, ""
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
Text
Declaration
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.4
XML
4.4.1
Not
Recognized/
4.4.2
Included/
4.4.3
Included If
Validating/,
4.4.4
Forbidden/
4.4.5
Included in
Literal/ ()l
4.4.6
Notify/
4.4.7
Bypassed/
4.4.8
Included as PE/
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5
5.1
5.2
XML
6
A
A.1
A.2
B
C
XML
SGML ()
D
()
E
()
F
()
F.1
F.2
G W3C XML Working
Group ()
H W3C XML Core
Group ()
I
()
Extensible Markup Language, XML, , XML-, . XML SGML - The Standard Generalized Markup Language [ISO 8879]. XML "" SGML.
[: ,
XML,
XML
.]
[: , XML
, application/.]
XML ,
XML
.
XML XML Working Group ( SGML
Editorial Review Board), World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) 1996 .
Ÿ Jon Bosak Sun Microsystems XML Special Interest Group (
SGML Working Group), W3C. XML
Working Group . Dan Connolly
W3C.
XML:
XML Internet.
XML .
XML SGML.
, XML.
(optional) XML , - .
XML .
XML .
XML .
XML .
XML .
, (Unicode ISO/IEC 10646 , Internet RFC 1766 , ISO 639 ISO 3166 ), , XML 1.0 .
XML , .
XML .
,
.
, . ""
- .
, , ,
,
.
,
4.3.2
.
[: ,
,
.]
[: character/
() , ISO/IEC 10646
[ISO/IEC 10646]
(. [ISO/IEC
10646-2000]). ,
, Unicode ISO/IEC 10646.
, A.1
, .
. , XML
, Char.
" ", 6.8 [Unicode] (.
D21 3.6 [Unicode3]), .]
| [2] | Char |
::= | #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] |
[#x10000-#x10FFFF] |
/* Unicode, , FFFE FFFF. */ |
. XML UTF-8 UTF-16 10646. , , 4.3.3 .
, .
S () (#x20), , .
| [3] | S |
::= | (#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+ |
, .
.
B .
[: Name\ ,
,
, , , full stops,
.]
, "xml" , (('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l')),
.
:
XML [XML Names] , . , XML, , XML .
Nmtoken ( ) .
| [4] | NameChar |
::= | Letter | Digit |
'.' | '-' | '_' | ':' | CombiningChar
| Extender |
| [5] | Name |
::= | (Letter |
'_' | ':') (NameChar)* |
| [6] | Names |
::= | Name (S
Name)* |
| [7] | Nmtoken |
::= | (NameChar)+ |
| [8] | Nmtokens |
::= | Nmtoken
(S Nmtoken)* |
, , . /internal entities (EntityValue), (AttValue) (SystemLiteral). , SystemLiteral .
| [9] | EntityValue |
::= | '"' ([^%&"] | PEReference
| Reference)*
'"' |
| "'" ([^%&'] | PEReference
| Reference)*
"'" | |||
| [10] | AttValue |
::= | '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)*
'"' |
| "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)*
"'" | |||
| [11] | SystemLiteral |
::= | ('"' [^"]* '"') | ("'" [^']* "'") |
| [12] | PubidLiteral |
::= | '"' PubidChar*
'"' | "'" (PubidChar
- "'")* "'" |
| [13] | PubidChar |
::= | #x20 | #xD | #xA | [a-zA-Z0-9]
| [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%] |
:
EntityValue
,
< (., <!ENTITY mylt
"<">), ,
"
" (well-formedness).
.
[:
, ,
,
, ,
,
CDATA,
,
, XML,
(
).]
(&) (<)
,
CDATA.
-,
escape-,
"&" "<" .
(>)
">" ,
, escape-
">" ,
"]]>" ,
CDATA.
- ,
. CDATA
- ,
CDATA - "]]>".
, ,
, , , (') "'",
(") -
""".
| [14] | CharData |
::= | [^<&]* - ([^<&]* ']]>'
[^<&]*) |
[:
; ,
, .
:
XML , ,
.
"--"
( ) .]
.
| [15] | Comment |
::= | '<!--' ((Char - '-')
| ('-' (Char -
'-')))* '-->' |
:
<!-- <head> <body> --> |
,
--->.
.
<!-- B+, B B---> |
| [16] | PI |
::= | '<?' PITarget
(S (Char* - (Char*
'?>' Char*)))?
'?>' |
| [17] | PITarget |
::= | Name - (('X'
| 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l')) |
[: CDATA
, ;
escape- , ,
. CDATA "<![CDATA["
"]]>":]
| [18] | CDSect |
::= | CDStart
CData CDEnd |
| [19] | CDStart |
::= | '<![CDATA[' |
| [20] | CData |
::= | (Char* - (Char*
']]>' Char*))
|
| [21] | CDEnd |
::= | ']]>' |
CDATA CDEnd ,
: (
) escape-
"<" "&".
CDATA .
CDATA, "<greeting>" "</greeting>"
,
:
<![CDATA[<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>]]> |
<?xml version="1.0"?> <greeting>Hello, world!</greeting> |
:
<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting> |
"1.0"
;
"1.0",
. XML
, "1.0",
- XML, ,
, - .
,
, , .
, ,
.
XML
-
. XML
.
[: XML /valid,
, .]
| [22] | prolog |
::= | XMLDecl?
Misc* (doctypedecl
Misc*)? |
| [23] | XMLDecl |
::= | '<?xml' VersionInfo
EncodingDecl?
SDDecl?
S?
'?>' |
| [24] | VersionInfo |
::= | S
'version' Eq ("'" VersionNum
"'" | '"' VersionNum
'"')/* */ |
| [25] | Eq |
::= | S?
'=' S? |
| [26] | VersionNum |
::= | ([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+ |
| [27] | Misc |
::= | Comment |
PI | S |
[: XML , . /DTD. ( ), , , , . .]
[:
,
,
.]
,
.
. 4
.
| [28] | doctypedecl |
::= | '<!DOCTYPE' S Name (S ExternalID)?
S? ('[' (markupdecl
| DeclSep)*
']' S?)?
'>' |
[ ( ): Root Element] |
| ( ): ] | ||||
| /* */ | ||||
| [28a] | DeclSep |
::= | PEReference
| S |
[: PE/ ( ) ] |
| /* */ | ||||
| [29] | markupdecl |
::= | elementdecl
| AttlistDecl
| EntityDecl
| NotationDecl
| PI | Comment
|
[: / ] |
| [: ] |
, , doctypedecl, , .
. (elementdecl, AttlistDecl ..) , .
(
), ,
, (. 3.4
).
.
, .
. , (markupdecl ) , .
, , extSubset.
, , DeclSep, , markupdecl, . ; .
| [30] | extSubset |
::= | TextDecl?
extSubsetDecl | |
| [31] | extSubsetDecl |
::= | ( markupdecl
| conditionalSect
| DeclSep)* |
/* */ |
XML :
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE greeting SYSTEM "hello.dtd"> <greeting>Hello, world!</greeting> |
, :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE greeting [ <!ELEMENT greeting (#PCDATA)> ]> <greeting>Hello, world!</greeting> |
, , , . , .
XML ;
.
,
XML, ,
,
.
[:
, (
, ,
).]
| [32] | SDDecl |
::= | S
'standalone' Eq (("'"
('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"')) |
[: ] |
"yes" , , XML . "no" , . , . , , .
, . , , "no".
XML, standalone="no",
,
, .
XML :
<?xml version="1.0" standalone='yes'?> |
XML " " (, ) - . . , "" , , , , .
, xml:space,
,
. /valid
, ,
, . ,
, -
- "default" "preserve". :
<!ATTLIST poem xml:space (default|preserve) 'preserve'> <!-- --> <!ATTLIST pre xml:space (preserve) #FIXED 'preserve'> |
"default" ,
; "preserve"
.
,
,
xml:space.
, .
,
xml:lang, ,
,
XML. ,
,
, .
, [IETF RFC 1766],
Tags for the Identification of Languages, IETF Standards Track.
:
[IETF RFC
1766] , [ISO 639], , [ISO 3166], , Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority [IANA-LANGCODES].
, [IETF RFC 1766] ,
[ISO
639].
( 33 38 .)
:
<p xml:lang="en">The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.</p> <p xml:lang="en-GB">What colour is it?</p> <p xml:lang="en-US">What color is it?</p> <sp who="Faust" desc='leise' xml:lang="de"> <l>Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,</l> <l>Juristerei, und Medizin</l> <l>und leider auch Theologie</l> <l>durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.</l> </sp> |
( ), xml:lang,
, ,
xml:lang
.
xml:lang
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED |
,
. ,
, xml:lang
:
<!ATTLIST poem xml:lang NMTOKEN 'fr'> <!ATTLIST gloss xml:lang NMTOKEN 'en'> <!ATTLIST note xml:lang NMTOKEN 'en'> |
[: XML , , - - . , , "generic identifier" (GI) - , .] .
| [39] | element |
::= | EmptyElemTag |
|
| STag content
ETag |
[: ] | |||
| [: ()] |
, ()
, ,
(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')),
.
Name .
(), , elementdecl, Name :
| [40] | STag |
::= | '<' Name (S Attribute)*
S?
'>' |
[: Att Spec] |
| [41] | Attribute |
::= | Name Eq AttValue |
[: ] |
| [: ] | ||||
| [: < ] |
Name
.
[: Name-AttValue (- )
],
[:
Name , ]
[:
AttValue ( '
") .]
,
.
; , . ( . 3.3 .)
:
<termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog"> |
| [42] | ETag |
::= | '</' Name S?
'>' |
:
</termdef> |
| [43] | content |
::= | CharData?
((element |
Reference
| CDSect |
PI | Comment)
CharData?)* |
/* */ |
| [44] | EmptyElemTag |
::= | '<' Name (S Attribute)*
S?
'/>' |
[: Att Spec] |
:
<IMG align="left" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> <br></br> <br/> |
XML , , . .
| [45] | elementdecl |
::= | '<!ELEMENT' S Name S contentspec
S?
'>' |
[: ] |
| [46] | contentspec |
::= | 'EMPTY' | 'ANY' | Mixed | children
|
Name .
:
<!ELEMENT br EMPTY> <!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* > <!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; > <!ELEMENT container ANY> |
[:
,
(
), , , (,
S).]
[:
, ,
,
.] content particles (cp)/ ,
:
| [47] | children |
::= | (choice |
seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')? |
|
| [48] | cp |
::= | (Name | choice |
seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')? |
|
| [49] | choice |
::= | '(' S? cp ( S? '|' S? cp )+ S?
')' |
/* */ |
| /* */ | ||||
| [: / ] | ||||
| [50] | seq |
::= | '(' S? cp ( S? ',' S? cp )* S?
')' |
/* */ |
| [: / ] |
Name - ,
.
, ; ,
,
,
. ,
(+),
(*) (?) .
,
/ .
, /productions .
, , , , , , . , , . . E .
:
<!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)> <!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)> <!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*> |
- . ; /productions, , 3.1 , . :
| [52] | AttlistDecl |
::= | '<!ATTLIST' S Name AttDef* S?
'>' |
| [53] | AttDef |
::= | S
Name S AttType
S DefaultDecl |
Name AttlistDecl - . , XML , , , . Name AttDef - .
AttlistDecl, . , , . , . , XML , , , , .
XML: string/, . string ; . , , , 3.3 .
| [54] | AttType |
::= | StringType
| TokenizedType
| EnumeratedType
|
|
| [55] | StringType |
::= | 'CDATA' |
|
| [56] | TokenizedType |
::= | 'ID' |
[: ID] |
| [: ID ] | ||||
| [: ID ] | ||||
| 'IDREF' |
[: IDREF] | |||
| 'IDREFS' |
[: IDREF] | |||
| 'ENTITY' |
[: ] | |||
| 'ENTITIES' |
[: ] | |||
| 'NMTOKEN' |
[: ] | |||
| 'NMTOKENS' |
[: ] |
ID Name. XML ; .. ID .
[: Enumerated attributes/ , ]. :
| [57] | EnumeratedType |
::= | NotationType
| Enumeration |
|
| [58] | NotationType |
::= | 'NOTATION' S '(' S? Name (S? '|' S? Name)* S? ')'
|
[: ] |
| [: ] | ||||
| [: ] | ||||
| [59] | Enumeration |
::= | '(' S? Nmtoken
(S? '|' S? Nmtoken)*
S?
')' |
[: ] |
Nmtoken .
| [60] | DefaultDecl |
::= | '#REQUIRED' | '#IMPLIED' |
|
| (('#FIXED' S)? AttValue) |
[: ] | |||
| [: ] | ||||
| [: < ] | ||||
| [: ] |
, #REQUIRED ,
, #IMPLIED -
.
[: #REQUIRED,
#IMPLIED, AttValue default;
#FIXED ,
. ,
XML , ,
.]
:
<!ATTLIST termdef
id ID #REQUIRED
name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST list
type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered">
<!ATTLIST form
method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> |
, XML , , , , .
#xA, 2.11 , , .
, .
, - , :
- .
- 3 .
(#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) - (#x20) .
- .
- CDATA, XML , (#x20) (#x20) (#x20).
, - , #x20, (#xD, #xA #x9). , ( ), (#x20) , , , ; , (#x20).
, , CDATA.
.
:
<!ENTITY d "
"> <!ENTITY a "
"> <!ENTITY da "
"> |
, a
NMTOKENS, , a
CDATA.
| a NMTOKENS | a CDATA | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
x y z |
#x20 #x20 x y z | |
|
A #x20 B |
#x20 #x20 A #x20 #x20 B #x20 #x20 | |
|
#xD #xD A #xA #xA B #xD #xA |
#xD #xD A #xA #xA B #xD #xD |
, ( ), a
NMTOKENS.
| [61] | conditionalSect |
::= | includeSect
| ignoreSect |
|
| [62] | includeSect |
::= | '<![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' extSubsetDecl
']]>' |
/* */ |
| [: /] | ||||
| [63] | ignoreSect |
::= | '<![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ignoreSectContents*
']]>' |
/* */ |
| [: /] | ||||
| [64] | ignoreSectContents |
::= | Ignore
('<![' ignoreSectContents
']]>' Ignore)* |
|
| [65] | Ignore |
::= | Char* - (Char*
('<![' | ']]>') Char*)
|
, , , , .
- INCLUDE,
. - IGNORE,
.
INCLUDE
IGNORE, - -
.
"["
, "<![" "]]>"
,
.
.
, , , .
:
<!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' > <!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' > <![%draft;[ <!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)> ]]> <![%final;[ <!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)> ]]> |
: XML . ; ( ) name\ .] XML , , XML .
[: , , , , , , XML. , . XML , XML .]
; - , ENTITY ENTITIES.
[: General
entities/
.
,
.]
[:
.]
.
, ;
- .
| [66] | CharRef |
::= | '&#' [0-9]+ ';' |
|
| '&#x' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';' |
[: ] |
, , Char.
"&#x",
; 16-
ISO/IEC 10646. "&#",
; 10-
.
[:
.] [:
(&)
(;) .]
[:
(%) (;)
.]
| [67] | Reference |
::= | EntityRef
| CharRef |
|
| [68] | EntityRef |
::= | '&' Name
';' |
[: ] |
| [: ] | ||||
| [: ] | ||||
| [: ] | ||||
| [69] | PEReference |
::= | '%' Name
';' |
[: ] |
| [: ] | ||||
| [: ] |
, ,
,
"standalone='yes'", ,
, Name, ,
, (?)
, ,
: amp, lt, gt,
apos, quot.
,
.
, , , ; , , , , standalone='yes'.
. , ENTITY ENTITIES.
:
Type <key>less-than</key> (<) to save options. This document was prepared on &docdate; and is classified &security-level;. |
:
<!-- declare the parameter entity "ISOLat2"... -->
<!ENTITY % ISOLat2
SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" >
<!-- ... now reference it. -->
%ISOLat2; |
| [70] | EntityDecl |
::= | GEDecl |
PEDecl |
| [71] | GEDecl |
::= | '<!ENTITY' S Name S EntityDef
S?
'>' |
| [72] | PEDecl |
::= | '<!ENTITY' S '%' S Name S PEDef S?
'>' |
| [73] | EntityDef |
::= | EntityValue
| (ExternalID
NDataDecl?) |
| [74] | PEDef |
::= | EntityValue
| ExternalID |
Name , , ENTITY ENTITIES. , ; XML , .
[: EntityValue, . , .] , , : . 4.5 .
:
<!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the specification."> |
| [75] | ExternalID |
::= | 'SYSTEM' S SystemLiteral |
|
| 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral
S SystemLiteral
|
||||
| [76] | NDataDecl |
::= | S
'NDATA' S Name |
[: ] |
NDataDecl , - ; - .
Name .
[: SystemLiteral
. URI ( [IETF
RFC 2396], [IETF RFC 2732]),
XML,
.]
( #) ,
.
(, XML,
, ,
), URI
, . URI
, ,
, ,
, - .
URI- escap'
. -ASCII ,
, 2.4 [IETF RFC 2396],
(#) (%)
, [IETF RFC 2732].
escap' :
UTF-8 [IETF RFC 2279] .
, , escap' URI escape- (
%HH,
HH - 16- ).
.
[: , .] XML, , , URI. , URI, . , (#x20), .
:
<!ENTITY open-hatch
SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml">
<!ENTITY open-hatch
PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN"
"http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml">
<!ENTITY hatch-pic
SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif"
NDATA gif > |
, . , extParsedEnt. .
| [78] | extParsedEnt |
::= | TextDecl?
content |
XML . XML "" UTF-8 UTF-16. "UTF-8" "UTF-16" , UTF-8 UTF-16.
, UTF-16, Byte Order Mark ( ), Annex F [ISO/IEC 10646], Annex H [ISO/IEC 10646-2000], 2.4 [Unicode] 2.7 [Unicode3] ( ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE/ , #xFEFF). "" , XML. XML , UTF-8 UTF-16.
XML UTF-8 UTF-16, , , XML , () . ( "" MIME), , , UTF-8 UTF-16, (. 4.3.1 ), :
| [80] | EncodingDecl |
::= | S 'encoding' Eq ('"' EncName '"' | "'" EncName "'" ) |
|
| [81] | EncName |
::= | [A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')* |
/* */ |
"UTF-8",
"UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2"
"ISO-10646-UCS-4"
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646,
"ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ...
"ISO-8859-n" ( n )
ISO 8859,
"ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS" "EUC-JP"
JIS X-0208-1997.
, , ( charsets\
) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS],
,
; ,
"x-". XML
IANA , IANA
, ( , ,
IANA ).
, (, HTTP MIME), , , XML , , , Byte Order Mark , UTF-8. , , ASCII UTF-8, ASCII .
, TextDecl , .
, XML , . , XML ( , ) , , . , XML , UTF-8 UTF-16.
, :
<?xml encoding='UTF-8'?> <?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?> |
, , , , , XML . :
, ; AttValue.
Name, , , ENTITY, - , ENTITIES.
; EntityValue.
, EntityValue, AttValue, PI, Comment, SystemLiteral, PubidLiteral (. 3.4 ).
| , | |||||
<!-- --> <!ENTITY % YN '"Yes"' > <!ENTITY WhatHeSaid "He said %YN;" > |
- :
<!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" > <element attribute='a-&EndAttr;> |
EntityValue , .
,
.
[:
,
, EntityValue.]
[:
.]
, (EntityValue), , . . , , , , , , , ; , . , :
<!ENTITY % pub "Éditions Gallimard" > <!ENTITY rights "All rights reserved" > <!ENTITY book "La Peste: Albert Camus, © 1947 %pub;. &rights;" > |
"book" :
La Peste: Albert Camus, 1947 Éditions Gallimard. &rights; |
"&rights;",
, "&book;"
.
; . D .
[:
escape' ,
.
(amp,
lt, gt, apos, quot).
;
,
"<" and
"&" escape' <
&, .]
XML ,
, . ,
XML , ,
. lt amp
, ,
( "-"
), escape';
escapi',
. gt, apos
quot ,
, escape'
( - ;
escapi' , ).
:
<!ENTITY lt "&#60;"> <!ENTITY gt ">"> <!ENTITY amp "&#38;"> <!ENTITY apos "'"> <!ENTITY quot """> |
| [82] | NotationDecl |
::= | '<!NOTATION' S Name S (ExternalID
| PublicID)
S?
'>' |
[: ] |
| [83] | PublicID |
::= | 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral |
[: XML.] , XML; , .
XML Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF). :
symbol ::= expression |
, , - . .
:
#xN
N 16- , ISO/IEC 10646,
(UCS-4),
, .
#xN ;
XML.
[a-zA-Z], [#xN-#xN]
Char () ().
[abc], [#xN#xN#xN]
Char . .
[^a-z], [^#xN-#xN]
Char .
[^abc], [^#xN#xN#xN]
Char . .
"string"
'string'
,
, A B :
expression/)expression
, .
A? A ; A (
).
A B A B.
, ; , A B | C D
(A B) | (C D).
A | B A B, .
A - B , A,
B.
A+ A.
, ; , A+ | B+
(A+) | (B+).
A* 0 A.
, ; A* | B*
(A*) | (B*).
, :
/* ... */.
[ wfc: ... ][ vc: ... ]validity constraint - ; () , .
, Unicode, ( , ), ( , ). .
| [84] | Letter |
::= | BaseChar
| Ideographic |
| [85] | BaseChar |
::= | [#x0041-#x005A] | [#x0061-#x007A] | [#x00C0-#x00D6]
| [#x00D8-#x00F6] | [#x00F8-#x00FF] | [#x0100-#x0131]
| [#x0134-#x013E] | [#x0141-#x0148] | [#x014A-#x017E]
| [#x0180-#x01C3] | [#x01CD-#x01F0] | [#x01F4-#x01F5]
| [#x01FA-#x0217] | [#x0250-#x02A8] | [#x02BB-#x02C1]
| #x0386 | [#x0388-#x038A] | #x038C | [#x038E-#x03A1]
| [#x03A3-#x03CE] | [#x03D0-#x03D6] | #x03DA | #x03DC
| #x03DE | #x03E0 | [#x03E2-#x03F3] | [#x0401-#x040C]
| [#x040E-#x044F] | [#x0451-#x045C] | [#x045E-#x0481]
| [#x0490-#x04C4] | [#x04C7-#x04C8] | [#x04CB-#x04CC]
| [#x04D0-#x04EB] | [#x04EE-#x04F5] | [#x04F8-#x04F9]
| [#x0531-#x0556] | #x0559 | [#x0561-#x0586]
| [#x05D0-#x05EA] | [#x05F0-#x05F2] | [#x0621-#x063A]
| [#x0641-#x064A] | [#x0671-#x06B7] | [#x06BA-#x06BE]
| [#x06C0-#x06CE] | [#x06D0-#x06D3] | #x06D5
| [#x06E5-#x06E6] | [#x0905-#x0939] | #x093D
| [#x0958-#x0961] | [#x0985-#x098C] | [#x098F-#x0990]
| [#x0993-#x09A8] | [#x09AA-#x09B0] | #x09B2
| [#x09B6-#x09B9] | [#x09DC-#x09DD] | [#x09DF-#x09E1]
| [#x09F0-#x09F1] | [#x0A05-#x0A0A] | [#x0A0F-#x0A10]
| [#x0A13-#x0A28] | [#x0A2A-#x0A30] | [#x0A32-#x0A33]
| [#x0A35-#x0A36] | [#x0A38-#x0A39] | [#x0A59-#x0A5C]
| #x0A5E | [#x0A72-#x0A74] | [#x0A85-#x0A8B] | #x0A8D
| [#x0A8F-#x0A91] | [#x0A93-#x0AA8] | [#x0AAA-#x0AB0]
| [#x0AB2-#x0AB3] | [#x0AB5-#x0AB9] | #x0ABD | #x0AE0
| [#x0B05-#x0B0C] | [#x0B0F-#x0B10] | [#x0B13-#x0B28]
| [#x0B2A-#x0B30] | [#x0B32-#x0B33] | [#x0B36-#x0B39]
| #x0B3D | [#x0B5C-#x0B5D] | [#x0B5F-#x0B61]
| [#x0B85-#x0B8A] | [#x0B8E-#x0B90] | [#x0B92-#x0B95]
| [#x0B99-#x0B9A] | #x0B9C | [#x0B9E-#x0B9F]
| [#x0BA3-#x0BA4] | [#x0BA8-#x0BAA] | [#x0BAE-#x0BB5]
| [#x0BB7-#x0BB9] | [#x0C05-#x0C0C] | [#x0C0E-#x0C10]
| [#x0C12-#x0C28] | [#x0C2A-#x0C33] | [#x0C35-#x0C39]
| [#x0C60-#x0C61] | [#x0C85-#x0C8C] | [#x0C8E-#x0C90]
| [#x0C92-#x0CA8] | [#x0CAA-#x0CB3] | [#x0CB5-#x0CB9]
| #x0CDE | [#x0CE0-#x0CE1] | [#x0D05-#x0D0C]
| [#x0D0E-#x0D10] | [#x0D12-#x0D28] | [#x0D2A-#x0D39]
| [#x0D60-#x0D61] | [#x0E01-#x0E2E] | #x0E30
| [#x0E32-#x0E33] | [#x0E40-#x0E45] | [#x0E81-#x0E82]
| #x0E84 | [#x0E87-#x0E88] | #x0E8A | #x0E8D
| [#x0E94-#x0E97] | [#x0E99-#x0E9F] | [#x0EA1-#x0EA3]
| #x0EA5 | #x0EA7 | [#x0EAA-#x0EAB] | [#x0EAD-#x0EAE]
| #x0EB0 | [#x0EB2-#x0EB3] | #x0EBD | [#x0EC0-#x0EC4]
| [#x0F40-#x0F47] | [#x0F49-#x0F69] | [#x10A0-#x10C5]
| [#x10D0-#x10F6] | #x1100 | [#x1102-#x1103]
| [#x1105-#x1107] | #x1109 | [#x110B-#x110C]
| [#x110E-#x1112] | #x113C | #x113E | #x1140
| #x114C | #x114E | #x1150 | [#x1154-#x1155]
| #x1159 | [#x115F-#x1161] | #x1163 | #x1165
| #x1167 | #x1169 | [#x116D-#x116E] | [#x1172-#x1173]
| #x1175 | #x119E | #x11A8 | #x11AB
| [#x11AE-#x11AF] | [#x11B7-#x11B8] | #x11BA
| [#x11BC-#x11C2] | #x11EB | #x11F0 | #x11F9
| [#x1E00-#x1E9B] | [#x1EA0-#x1EF9] | [#x1F00-#x1F15]
| [#x1F18-#x1F1D] | [#x1F20-#x1F45] | [#x1F48-#x1F4D]
| [#x1F50-#x1F57] | #x1F59 | #x1F5B | #x1F5D
| [#x1F5F-#x1F7D] | [#x1F80-#x1FB4] | [#x1FB6-#x1FBC]
| #x1FBE | [#x1FC2-#x1FC4] | [#x1FC6-#x1FCC]
| [#x1FD0-#x1FD3] | [#x1FD6-#x1FDB] | [#x1FE0-#x1FEC]
| [#x1FF2-#x1FF4] | [#x1FF6-#x1FFC] | #x2126
| [#x212A-#x212B] | #x212E | [#x2180-#x2182]
| [#x3041-#x3094] | [#x30A1-#x30FA] | [#x3105-#x312C]
| [#xAC00-#xD7A3] |
| [86] | Ideographic |
::= | [#x4E00-#x9FA5] | #x3007 | [#x3021-#x3029]
|
| [87] | CombiningChar |
::= | [#x0300-#x0345] | [#x0360-#x0361] | [#x0483-#x0486]
| [#x0591-#x05A1] | [#x05A3-#x05B9] | [#x05BB-#x05BD]
| #x05BF | [#x05C1-#x05C2] | #x05C4 | [#x064B-#x0652]
| #x0670 | [#x06D6-#x06DC] | [#x06DD-#x06DF]
| [#x06E0-#x06E4] | [#x06E7-#x06E8] | [#x06EA-#x06ED]
| [#x0901-#x0903] | #x093C | [#x093E-#x094C] | #x094D
| [#x0951-#x0954] | [#x0962-#x0963] | [#x0981-#x0983]
| #x09BC | #x09BE | #x09BF | [#x09C0-#x09C4]
| [#x09C7-#x09C8] | [#x09CB-#x09CD] | #x09D7
| [#x09E2-#x09E3] | #x0A02 | #x0A3C | #x0A3E
| #x0A3F | [#x0A40-#x0A42] | [#x0A47-#x0A48]
| [#x0A4B-#x0A4D] | [#x0A70-#x0A71] | [#x0A81-#x0A83]
| #x0ABC | [#x0ABE-#x0AC5] | [#x0AC7-#x0AC9]
| [#x0ACB-#x0ACD] | [#x0B01-#x0B03] | #x0B3C
| [#x0B3E-#x0B43] | [#x0B47-#x0B48] | [#x0B4B-#x0B4D]
| [#x0B56-#x0B57] | [#x0B82-#x0B83] | [#x0BBE-#x0BC2]
| [#x0BC6-#x0BC8] | [#x0BCA-#x0BCD] | #x0BD7
| [#x0C01-#x0C03] | [#x0C3E-#x0C44] | [#x0C46-#x0C48]
| [#x0C4A-#x0C4D] | [#x0C55-#x0C56] | [#x0C82-#x0C83]
| [#x0CBE-#x0CC4] | [#x0CC6-#x0CC8] | [#x0CCA-#x0CCD]
| [#x0CD5-#x0CD6] | [#x0D02-#x0D03] | [#x0D3E-#x0D43]
| [#x0D46-#x0D48] | [#x0D4A-#x0D4D] | #x0D57 | #x0E31
| [#x0E34-#x0E3A] | [#x0E47-#x0E4E] | #x0EB1
| [#x0EB4-#x0EB9] | [#x0EBB-#x0EBC] | [#x0EC8-#x0ECD]
| [#x0F18-#x0F19] | #x0F35 | #x0F37 | #x0F39
| #x0F3E | #x0F3F | [#x0F71-#x0F84] | [#x0F86-#x0F8B]
| [#x0F90-#x0F95] | #x0F97 | [#x0F99-#x0FAD]
| [#x0FB1-#x0FB7] | #x0FB9 | [#x20D0-#x20DC] | #x20E1
| [#x302A-#x302F] | #x3099 | #x309A |
| [88] | Digit |
::= | [#x0030-#x0039] | [#x0660-#x0669] | [#x06F0-#x06F9]
| [#x0966-#x096F] | [#x09E6-#x09EF] | [#x0A66-#x0A6F]
| [#x0AE6-#x0AEF] | [#x0B66-#x0B6F] | [#x0BE7-#x0BEF]
| [#x0C66-#x0C6F] | [#x0CE6-#x0CEF] | [#x0D66-#x0D6F]
| [#x0E50-#x0E59] | [#x0ED0-#x0ED9] | [#x0F20-#x0F29]
|
| [89] | Extender |
::= | #x00B7 | #x02D0 | #x02D1 | #x0387 | #x0640
| #x0E46 | #x0EC6 | #x3005 | [#x3031-#x3035]
| [#x309D-#x309E] | [#x30FC-#x30FE] |
, , Unicode 2.0 :
: Ll, Lu, Lo, Lt, Nl.
( ) : Mc, Me, Mn, Lm Nd.
(.. , #xF900, , #xFFFE) XML .
, (.. , "compatibility formatting tag/ " 5 -- 5 "<") .
, , : [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.
#x20DD-#x20E0 ( Unicode 2.0, 5.14).
#x00B7 , .
#x0387 , #x00B7 .
':' '_' .
'-' '.' .
XML SGML, XML , SGML. , XML , SGML . [Clark].
, , 4.4 XML .
<!ENTITY example "<p> (&#38;) escape'
(&#38;#38;) (&amp;).</p>" > |
XML
,
"example":
<p> (&) escape'
(&#38;) (&amp;).</p> |
"&example;"
, p
, ,
p ( ,
):
(&) escape'
(&) (&). |
. :
1 <?xml version='1.0'?> 2 <!DOCTYPE test [ 3 <!ELEMENT test (#PCDATA) > 4 <!ENTITY % xx '%zz;'> 5 <!ENTITY % zz '<!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >' > 6 %xx; 7 ]> 8 <test>This sample shows a &tricky; method.</test> |
:
4 37 ,
- "xx" - "%zz;".
,
"zz" . ( ,
, "zz" .)
5 "<" ,
- "zz" -
"<!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >",
.
6 "xx" , "xx" (
"%zz;") . "zz"
, ("<!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >")
. "tricky"
"error-prone".
8 "tricky"
, test
( ) This sample
shows a error-prone method.
3.2.1 , , . SGML ( ""); XML SGML .
, ((b, c) | (b, d)) -
, , b, XML
, b ,
, b.
, b ,
: (b, (c | d)). b
.
, , ; c d
.
: , , 3.5 3.9 Aho, Sethi Ullman [Aho/Ullman]. , (.. - ); - , , , .
, , , ; . Brüggemann-Klein 1991 [Brüggemann-Klein].
XML - , , . XML , , , , , -- , . , . XML , , , XML : , , XML , , . XML. , , XML- - () . .
XML,
UTF-8 UTF-16,
XML, '<?xml',
,
8- , .
, , UCS-4
'<' "#x0000003C" '?' "#x0000003F" Byte Order Mark/
UTF-16, "#xFEFF".
## ,
, ## 00.
Byte Order Mark:
00 00 FE FF |
UCS-4, big-endian machine (1234 order) |
FF FE 00 00 |
UCS-4, little-endian machine (4321 order) |
00 00 FF FE |
UCS-4, 8- (2143) |
FE FF 00 00 |
UCS-4, 8- (3412) |
FE FF ## ## |
UTF-16, big-endian |
FF FE ## ## |
UTF-16, little-endian |
EF BB BF |
UTF-8 |
Byte Order Mark:
00 00 00 3C |
UCS-4 32- ASCII, ASCII, , , big-endian (1234), little-endian (4321) (2143 3412). , , UCS-4 32- . |
3C 00 00 00 | |
00 00 3C 00 | |
00 3C 00 00 | |
00 3C 00 3F |
UTF-16BE, big-endian ISO-10646-UCS-2, 16- big-endian ASCII, ASCII ( , , ...) |
3C 00 3F 00 |
UTF-16LE, little-endian ISO-10646-UCS-2, 16- little-endian ASCII, ASCII ( , , ...) |
3C 3F 78 6D |
UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, ISO 8859, Shift-JIS, EUC - 7-, 8- , , ASCII , ; , , , , ASCII, |
4C 6F A7 94 |
EBCDIC ( ; , , ) |
| Other\ | UTF-8 , ( ), , - |
:
, , 4.3.3, , , , , , . , , , .
, XML , (, UTF-8 8859 8859 , EBCDIC, ..).
ASCII ( ), , , . , XML , . , UTF-7, ASCII- , .
, , , .
, XML , - . , .
- XML
, .
,
, XML.
, , [IETF RFC 2376] ( ), text/xml
application/xml MIME-
.
, , :
XML , Byte-Order Mark ( ) .
W3C XML
Working Group (WG)/ . WG
, WG .
XML WG:
W3C XML Core Working Group (WG). WG, , :
!